Women’s health

Premature menopause, also known as premature ovarian failure (POF), is an underdiagnosed reproductive health issue affecting women under the age of 40. Unlike natural menopause, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 years, premature menopause leads to an early loss or dysfunction of ovarian activity. Recent surveys in India have indicated an increasing prevalence of early menopause among younger women, highlighting the growing concern regarding women’s health and hormonal imbalance. Premature ovarian failure occurs when the ovaries stop functioning properly, resulting in irregular ovulation and hormonal disturbances. Although women with POF may still have some ovarian follicles, these follicles either fail to mature or function effectively. Several factors such as genetic conditions, autoimmune disorders, cancer treatments, thyroid dysfunction, viral infections, and lifestyle related stress may contribute to the condition, although in many cases the exact cause remains unknown. Common symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, hot flashes, night sweats, decreased sexual drive, vaginal dryness, mood changes, and weight fluctuations. Diagnosis is primarily based on hormonal evaluation, particularly elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) measured through blood tests. Although premature menopause cannot be reversed, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used to manage symptoms and reduce long term health risks such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical management are essential to improve the quality of life and overall health outcomes of affected women.

Menstrual disorders are a common health concern among females of reproductive age and may significantly affect physical, psychological, and social well-being. A community-based analytical survey was conducted on 24 November 2022 in Hanuman Nagar to collect statistical data on the prevalence of menstrual disorders and to create awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. The survey was organized by the Department of Community Medicine of Motiwala (National) Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital. Fourth-year BHMS students participated in the survey and collected data using a structured questionnaire through a Google Form after obtaining informed consent from participants. The survey included females from pubertal age to postmenopausal groups and involved general examination, data recording, and awareness sessions on menstrual health and hygiene practices. Participants were educated about menstrual cycle phases, appropriate care during menstruation, and proper disposal of sanitary products. The results indicated that the majority of women had regular menstrual cycles, while a smaller proportion reported irregular cycles. Most women used sanitary pads, though some relied on reusable cloth. Findings also highlighted the prevalence of symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and irritability during menstruation. The study emphasizes the importance of community awareness, hygiene education, and early identification of menstrual disorders to prevent complications and promote reproductive health among women.