Risk factors

Glaucoma is a serious ocular condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure above 20 mm of Hg, which can lead to progressive and irreversible vision loss if left untreated. In India, glaucoma is the third leading cause of blindness, affecting nearly 12 million people and accounting for approximately 12.8 percent of the country's blindness cases. The disease can occur in individuals of all age groups, including newborns, children, and the elderly, although the risk increases significantly after the age of forty. Several factors contribute to a higher risk of developing glaucoma, such as a family history of the disease, systemic conditions like diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and hypertension, as well as prolonged use of steroid medications. Other associated factors include myopia, eye injuries, frequent headaches, and the use of certain medications for insomnia, anxiety, depression, asthma, and Parkinsonism. Early detection through regular eye examinations is essential to prevent irreversible blindness. Awareness initiatives such as International Glaucoma Day, observed on March 6, emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and preventive eye care.

Hypertension is a major public health concern and an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A community-based survey was conducted on 26 November 2022 in Hanuman Nagar to study the prevalence and common risk factors associated with hypertension. The survey was carried out under the Department of Community Health Services using a structured questionnaire through a Google Form. Fourth-year BHMS students were divided into small groups and assigned to interact with residents of the community. The targeted population included individuals above 40 years of age and those with known risk factors for hypertension. The survey involved obtaining informed consent, conducting general examinations, measuring blood pressure, and collecting information regarding diet, lifestyle habits, and family history. Participants were also educated about the risk factors of hypertension and advised regarding preventive measures such as regular monitoring of blood pressure, maintaining a healthy diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. A total of 29 responses were recorded during the survey. Among the participants, 62.1% were females and 37.9% were males. Identified risk factors included alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and other addictions, while some individuals had no such habits. The study also observed a significant association of hypertension with family history and dietary patterns. The survey highlights the importance of community screening, awareness, and lifestyle modification in the prevention and management of hypertension.