Preventive ophthalmology

Glaucoma is a serious ocular condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure above 20 mm of Hg, which can lead to progressive and irreversible vision loss if left untreated. In India, glaucoma is the third leading cause of blindness, affecting nearly 12 million people and accounting for approximately 12.8 percent of the country's blindness cases. The disease can occur in individuals of all age groups, including newborns, children, and the elderly, although the risk increases significantly after the age of forty. Several factors contribute to a higher risk of developing glaucoma, such as a family history of the disease, systemic conditions like diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and hypertension, as well as prolonged use of steroid medications. Other associated factors include myopia, eye injuries, frequent headaches, and the use of certain medications for insomnia, anxiety, depression, asthma, and Parkinsonism. Early detection through regular eye examinations is essential to prevent irreversible blindness. Awareness initiatives such as International Glaucoma Day, observed on March 6, emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and preventive eye care.