nociplastic pain

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic primary pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and psychological distress. It is classified under ICD-11 as nociplastic pain and represents the second most common rheumatic disorder. The condition often coexists with other chronic overlapping pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, and chronic headache, implicating central nervous system dysregulation in its pathophysiology. Diagnosis relies on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, revised in 2016, which emphasize the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Score (SSS). Conventional management includes analgesics, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants, though these are associated with significant side effects. Homoeopathy offers individualized treatment options, with studies demonstrating improvements in pain, tender point count, quality of life, and mood. Remedies such as Rhus toxicodendron, Arnica, Cimicifuga, Bryonia, Ruta, Kali carbonicum, Kalmia, and Gelsemium are highlighted for their efficacy in addressing fibromyalgia symptoms. This review underscores the importance of holistic management approaches, integrating homoeopathy to improve functional outcomes and patient well-being.