Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Low self-esteem among students is an important psychological concern that can negatively influence academic performance, emotional stability, and social development. Self-esteem refers to the degree of respect, value, and confidence individuals place on their own abilities and judgments. During the student phase of life, individuals experience rapid physical, cognitive, and social changes, which require them to develop independence and personal identity. When students lack confidence in their abilities or struggle with these developmental challenges, they may experience feelings of worthlessness, reduced motivation, and difficulty evaluating their own performance realistically. Previous studies indicate that factors such as academic stress, family environment, peer acceptance, socioeconomic status, and experiences of abuse may contribute to low self-esteem among students. Psychological theories, including Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and cognitive theory of depression, highlight the role of self-esteem in personal growth and mental health. In homoeopathic literature, emotional disturbances such as anxiety, fear, and lack of confidence are considered significant in understanding the patient’s totality of symptoms. Repertorial and materia medica approaches describe remedies commonly associated with low self-confidence, including Anacardium orientale, Baryta carbonica, Lycopodium clavatum, and Silicea terra. Understanding the psychological basis and homoeopathic interpretation of low self-esteem can assist practitioners in identifying appropriate therapeutic strategies for improving students’ mental well-being.